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Physics Formula Sheets
CSIR NET · GATE · IIT JAM · JEST · TIFR
Exam-oriented, PYQ-mapped Physics formula sheets curated by Pravegaa faculty for CSIR NET, GATE, IIT JAM, JEST, and TIFR. 11 topics covered. Inline formula previews on this page. Full PDF pack free via WhatsApp.
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All 11 topics · 5 exam formats · CSIR NET, GATE, IIT JAM, JEST, TIFR · Physical constants sheet included
Exam-wise
Formula Sheets Designed for Each Exam’s Demands
Each exam tests formulas differently. Our sheets are curated separately — not a one-size-fits-all dump.
CSIR NET
High-frequency PYQ formulas for Part B rapid recall and Part C derivation starters. Each formula annotated with which type of CSIR NET question uses it.
GATE Physics
Numerical-ready formulas with SI unit reminders and dimensional analysis hints. Every formula tagged for MCQ/MSQ/NAT question type.
IIT JAM Physics
Compact formula set — Sections A (quick recall) and C (NAT calculation setup). Constants included inline.
JEST & TIFR
Advanced Quantum Mechanics and Mathematical Physics — deeper formulas for symbolic sections and research-depth questions.
Quick Navigation
Jump to Any Topic
All 11 Topics
Physics Formula Sheet — Topic-wise Previews
Inline formula previews for all 11 topics. Click Get Full Formula Sheet on any card to receive the complete PDF for that topic via WhatsApp.
Quantum Mechanics
The highest-weight section across all physics competitive exams.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Schrödinger Equation | iℏ ∂Ψ/∂t = ĤΨ |
| Uncertainty Principle | Δx·Δp ≥ ℏ/2 |
| Energy Eigenvalue (PIB) | Eₙ = n²π²ℏ²/2mL² |
| Commutator [x, p] | [x̂, p̂] = iℏ |
| Angular Momentum | L² = ℏ²l(l+1), Lz = mℏ |
| Harmonic Oscillator | Eₙ = (n+½)ℏω |
| 1st Order TIPT | E¹ₙ = ⟨n|H’|n⟩ |
| Born Approximation | f(θ) = -(m/2πℏ²)∫V(r)e^(iΔk·r)d³r |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Perturbation theory, selection rules, harmonic oscillator, scattering cross-sections
Mathematical Physics
Foundation of all other topics — master this first.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Gradient | ∇f = (∂f/∂x)x̂ + (∂f/∂y)ŷ + (∂f/∂z)ẑ |
| Divergence Theorem | ∮F·dS = ∫(∇·F)dV |
| Stokes’ Theorem | ∮F·dl = ∫(∇×F)·dS |
| Residue Theorem | ∮f(z)dz = 2πi ∑ Res[f, zₙ] |
| Fourier Transform | f̃(k) = ∫f(x)e^(-ikx)dx |
| Dirac Delta | ∫δ(x-a)f(x)dx = f(a) |
| Eigenvalue Eqn | Av = λv; det(A-λI) = 0 |
| Rodrigues (Legendre) | Pₙ(x) = (1/2ⁿn!) dⁿ/dxⁿ(x²-1)ⁿ |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Residue theorem integrals, eigenvalue problems, Fourier analysis, Green’s functions
Classical Mechanics
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics — the cornerstone of advanced physics.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Euler-Lagrange Eqn | d/dt(∂L/∂q̇) – ∂L/∂q = 0 |
| Hamiltonian | H = ∑pᵢq̇ᵢ – L |
| Hamilton’s Equations | q̇ = ∂H/∂p; ṗ = -∂H/∂q |
| Poisson Bracket | {f,g} = ∑(∂f/∂q ∂g/∂p – ∂f/∂p ∂g/∂q) |
| Kepler 3rd Law | T² = (4π²/GM)a³ |
| Noether’s Theorem | Symmetry → Conservation law |
| Relativistic Energy | E² = (pc)² + (mc²)² |
| Lorentz Factor | γ = 1/√(1-v²/c²) |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Lagrangian of constrained systems, canonical transformations, Kepler orbits, relativistic kinematics
Electromagnetic Theory
Maxwell’s equations — the four laws that govern all classical electromagnetism.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Gauss’s Law | ∇·E = ρ/ε₀ |
| No Magnetic Monopoles | ∇·B = 0 |
| Faraday’s Law | ∇×E = -∂B/∂t |
| Ampere-Maxwell Law | ∇×B = μ₀J + μ₀ε₀(∂E/∂t) |
| Poynting Vector | S = (1/μ₀)(E×B) |
| EM Wave Speed | c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀) |
| Larmor Radiation | P = q²a²/(6πε₀c³) |
| Boundary Conditions | E₁ₚ = E₂ₚ; B₁⁴ = B₂⁴ |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Boundary conditions, gauge transformations, reflection/transmission coefficients, Poynting theorem
Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics
Partition functions, quantum statistics, and thermodynamic potentials.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Partition Function | Z = ∑ᵢ exp(-βEᵢ) |
| Free Energy | F = -k₫T ln Z |
| Maxwell Relations | (∂T/∂V)ₛ = -(∂P/∂S)ᵥ |
| MB Distribution | f(v) = 4πn(m/2πk₫T)^(3/2) v² e^(-mv²/2k₫T) |
| FD Distribution | ⟨n⟩ = 1/(e^(β(ε-μ)+1) |
| BE Distribution | ⟨n⟩ = 1/(e^(β(ε-μ)-1) |
| Entropy (Boltzmann) | S = k₫ ln Ω |
| Carnot Efficiency | η = 1 – Tₘ/Tₕ |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Partition function calculations, heat capacity of solids, Fermi energy, BEC transition temperature
Waves & Optics
SHM, interference, diffraction, and polarisation — reliable scoring topics.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Wave Equation | ∂²y/∂t² = v²(∂²y/∂x²) |
| SHM Frequency | ω = √(k/m) |
| Damped Oscillator | x = Ae^(-γt) cos(ω’t+φ) |
| Young’s Fringes | β = λD/d |
| Single Slit Minima | a sinθ = mλ (m≠0) |
| Brewster’s Angle | tanθ₫ = n₂/n₁ |
| Group Velocity | vᵪ = dω/dk |
| Phase Velocity | vᵩ = ω/k |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Fringe width calculations, path difference conditions, polarisation angle, group vs phase velocity
Special Theory of Relativity
Lorentz transformations, relativistic dynamics — high-yield NAT material.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Time Dilation | Δt = γΔt₀ |
| Length Contraction | L = L₀/γ |
| Mass-Energy | E = mc²; E² = p²c² + m²c⁴ |
| Relativistic Momentum | p = γmv |
| 4-velocity | uμ = γ(c, v) |
| Lorentz Transform (x) | x’ = γ(x – vt) |
| Lorentz Transform (t) | t’ = γ(t – vx/c²) |
| Doppler (relativistic) | f’ = f√((1-β)/(1+β)) |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Velocity addition, 4-vector calculations, threshold energy in particle reactions
Atomic & Molecular Physics
Atomic spectra, coupling schemes, Zeeman/Stark effects, and laser physics.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Bohr Radius | a₀ = 4πε₀ℏ²/me² = 0.529 Å |
| Hydrogen Energy | Eₙ = -13.6/n² eV |
| Rydberg Formula | 1/λ = R∞(1/n₁² – 1/n₂²) |
| Selection Rules (E1) | Δl = ±1; Δm = 0,±1; Δj = 0,±1 |
| Zeeman Splitting | ΔE = mℓμ₫B |
| LS Coupling | J = L+S, …, |L-S| |
| Lasing Condition | N₂ > N₁ (population inversion) |
| Rotational Energy | Eᵵ = BJ(J+1); B = ℏ²/2I |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Selection rules, Zeeman splitting, LS vs jj coupling, laser rate equations, Franck-Condon
Condensed Matter Physics
Crystal structure, band theory, superconductivity — heavy in GATE Physics.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Bragg’s Law | 2d sinθ = nλ |
| Fermi Energy (T=0) | E᳧ = (ℏ²/2m)(3π²n)^(2/3) |
| Density of States | g(E) = (1/2π²)(2m/ℏ²)^(3/2) E^(1/2) |
| Debye Heat Capacity | Cᵥ = 12π⁴Nk₫(T/θᴩ)³ (low T) |
| London Equation | ∇²B = B/λₗ² (λₗ = London depth) |
| Energy Gap (BCS) | 2Δ ≈ 3.52 k₫Tᶜ |
| Hall Coefficient | Rₖ = -1/ne |
| Effective Mass | 1/m* = (1/ℏ²)(d²E/dk²) |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Bragg’s law, Fermi energy, BCS energy gap, Hall coefficient, effective mass
Nuclear & Particle Physics
Nuclear models, decay processes, Q-values — high-yield NAT material.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Nuclear Radius | R = R₀A^(1/3); R₀ ≈ 1.2 fm |
| Binding Energy/A | B/A = (1/A)[Z·m+Nmₙ-M]c² |
| SEMF (simplified) | B = aᵥA – aᴸA^(2/3) – aᶜZ²A^(-1/3) – aₐ(A-2Z)²A⁻¹ |
| Decay Law | N(t) = N₀e^(-λt) |
| Half-life | t½ = ln2/λ |
| Q-value | Q = (Mᵢ – Mᵣ)c² |
| Activity | A = λN = A₀e^(-λt) |
| Rutherford Scattering | dσ/dΩ = (Z₁Z₂e²/4E)²·csc⁴(θ/2) |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Q-value calculations, half-life problems, SEMF coefficients, Rutherford scattering
Electronics
Op-amps, BJT, digital logic — tested more deeply in GATE than CSIR NET.
Key Formulas (Preview)
| Inverting Op-amp | V₀₴₴ = -(Rᵟ/Rᵢ)Vᵢₙ |
| Non-inverting Gain | A = 1 + Rᵟ/R₁ |
| BJT (CE) Gain | Aᵥ = -βRᶜ/rᵃ |
| Diode (Shockley) | I = Iᴸ(e^(V/nVᵀ)-1) |
| RC Time Constant | τ = RC |
| Barkhausen Criterion | |Aβ| = 1 and ∠Aβ = 0° |
| DeMorgan 1st | ¯(A+B) = ¯A·¯B |
| DeMorgan 2nd | ¯(A·B) = ¯A+¯B |
🎓 High-yield PYQ topics: Op-amp gain calculations, BJT biasing, Boolean algebra simplification, ADC/DAC resolution
Quick Reference
Essential Physical Constants
These constants appear across all physics competitive exams. Memorise the values — they are not given in the question paper.
Study Strategy
How to Use Formula Sheets Effectively
Formula sheets are revision tools, not primary study material. Used correctly, they are powerful. Used incorrectly, they create false confidence.
Theory First
Study the concept before using the formula sheet. Formulas without understanding are useless in CSIR NET Part C.
Write, Don’t Read
Rewrite every formula by hand at least 3 times. Kinesthetic memory is far stronger than visual memory for mathematical notation.
PYQ Mapping
After each formula, identify the PYQ question it appeared in. This connects the abstract formula to a real exam context.
Topic Sprints
Use the formula sheet for rapid 10-minute topic sprints during the final 2 weeks — not as primary study material.
Exam Morning
Keep only 1-2 pages of the highest-yield formulas for the morning of the exam. Too many pages create anxiety.
Pair with Tests
Use formula sheets alongside practice tests — not as a substitute. Tests show you which formulas you can actually apply.
Physics Formula Sheets for CSIR NET, IIT JAM, GATE, JEST & TIFR
Pravegaa Education provides PYQ-mapped, exam-focused physics formula sheets covering all 11 core topics required for competitive examination preparation. The formula sheets are curated separately for CSIR NET Physical Sciences, GATE Physics, IIT JAM Physics, JEST, and TIFR GS — each exam has a different emphasis and the formula sheets reflect that.
These are not textbook formula lists. Every formula in the Pravegaa sheets is tagged to the type of exam question it appears in — MCQ, Part C derivation, NAT calculation, or symbolic section. The sheets are designed by faculty who have taught CSIR NET and IIT JAM preparation for over 15 years and understand exactly which formulas are tested and how.
About Pravegaa Education
Pravegaa Education is a physics-only coaching institute at 28B/7, Jia Sarai, Near IIT Delhi, New Delhi founded by Atul Gaurav (JNU alumnus) and Dr. Alok Shukla (IIT Delhi alumnus). With 8,000+ selections and AIR 1 results. Book a free demo class or call 8920759559.
FAQ
Formula Sheets — Frequently Asked Questions
Are these formula sheets available as free PDF downloads?
Are the formula sheets different for CSIR NET, GATE, and IIT JAM?
How should I use formula sheets effectively?
Which topics have the most high-yield formulas for CSIR NET?
Are physical constants included in the formula sheets?
Formula Sheets Are the Map. Pravegaa Teaches the Territory.
Formula sheets give you a revision framework. Pravegaa’s live programme gives you the conceptual depth, PYQ-driven classes, doubt sessions, and test series that make formulas actually usable in the exam.
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